Computed Tomography (CT) Scan

A computed tomography (CT) scan is a medical imaging test used to produce detailed cross-sectional images of the body, using computer-processed combinations of many X-ray measurements taken from different angles.

How it Works

The CT scanner uses X-rays to create detailed pictures of the inside of the body. The scanner is a large, doughnut-shaped machine that contains an X-ray tube and detectors. The X-ray tube rotates around the body, taking multiple images from different angles. The detectors measure the amount of X-rays that pass through the body and send this information to a computer, which reconstructs the images into detailed cross-sectional pictures.

Types of CT Scans

• Non-contrast CT scan: This type of scan does not use contrast material. It is often used to evaluate the brain, spine, and joints.
• Contrast CT scan: This type of scan uses a contrast material, such as iodine or barium, to highlight specific areas of the body. The contrast material is usually injected into a vein in the arm or taken orally.
• Spiral (helical) CT scan: This type of scan uses a spiral motion to take continuous images of the body. It is often used to evaluate the lungs, liver, and blood vessels.
• High-speed CT scan: This type of scan uses advanced technology to take rapid images of the body. It is often used in emergency situations, such as evaluating patients with chest pain or stroke.

Preparation

To prepare for a CT scan, patients may be asked to:

• Remove jewelry and clothing that contains metal
• Change into a hospital gown
• Remove glasses, dentures, or hearing aids
• Avoid eating or drinking for a certain period before the scan
• Take a contrast material, if prescribed by the doctor

Risks and Side Effects

CT scans are generally safe, but there are some risks and side effects to consider:

• Radiation exposure: CT scans use X-rays, which can increase the risk of cancer. However, the benefits of the scan usually outweigh the risks.
• Contrast material reactions: Some patients may experience an allergic reaction to the contrast material, such as hives or itching.
• Kidney damage: The contrast material can cause kidney damage in some patients, especially those with pre-existing kidney disease.

Uses of CT Scans

CT scans are used to evaluate a wide range of medical conditions, including:

• Cancer: CT scans can help diagnose and stage cancer, as well as monitor treatment response.
• Injuries: CT scans can help evaluate injuries, such as internal bleeding or bone fractures.
• Vascular disease: CT scans can help evaluate blood vessels and diagnose conditions such as atherosclerosis or aneurysms.
• Neurological disorders: CT scans can help evaluate the brain and spinal cord, and diagnose conditions such as stroke or multiple sclerosis.

Benefits of CT Scans

CT scans offer several benefits, including:

• High-resolution images: CT scans provide detailed cross-sectional images of the body, which can help doctors diagnose and treat medical conditions more accurately.
• Non-invasive: CT scans are a non-invasive test, which means they do not require surgery or insertion of instruments into the body.
• Rapid results: CT scans can provide rapid results, which can help doctors make timely treatment decisions.