Comprehensive Metabolic Panel (CMP)

The Comprehensive Metabolic Panel (CMP) is a group of tests that measure various chemicals and substances in the blood to assess the body's metabolic function. It is also known as a Chem 14 or Chemistry Screen.

Purpose

The CMP is used to:

• Evaluate the body's electrolyte balance (sodium, potassium, chloride)
• Assess kidney function (creatinine, urea)
• Measure blood sugar levels (glucose)
• Evaluate liver function (alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase, alkaline phosphatase)
• Check for signs of dehydration or other metabolic disorders

Components

A typical CMP includes the following tests:

• Sodium (Na+): measures the level of sodium in the blood
• Potassium (K+): measures the level of potassium in the blood
• Chloride (Cl-): measures the level of chloride in the blood
• Carbon dioxide (CO2): measures the level of carbon dioxide in the blood
• Glucose: measures the level of sugar in the blood
• Creatinine: measures the level of creatinine, a waste product, in the blood
• Urea: measures the level of urea, a waste product, in the blood
• Alanine transaminase (ALT): measures the level of ALT, an enzyme found in liver cells
• Aspartate transaminase (AST): measures the level of AST, an enzyme found in liver cells
• Alkaline phosphatase: measures the level of alkaline phosphatase, an enzyme found in liver and bone cells
• Bilirubin: measures the level of bilirubin, a pigment produced during the breakdown of red blood cells
• Calcium: measures the level of calcium in the blood
• Phosphorus: measures the level of phosphorus in the blood
• Albumin: measures the level of albumin, a protein found in blood plasma
• Total protein: measures the total amount of protein in the blood

Preparation

To prepare for a CMP, patients are typically required to:

• Fast for 8-12 hours before the test
• Avoid eating or drinking anything except water during the fasting period
• Tell their doctor about any medications they are taking, as some may affect the results of the test

Results

The results of a CMP are typically reported in terms of normal or abnormal values for each component. Abnormal results may indicate:

• Kidney disease or damage
• Liver disease or damage
• Electrolyte imbalances
• Diabetes or pre-diabetes
• Other metabolic disorders

Limitations

The CMP is a general screening test and may not detect all possible metabolic disorders. Additional testing may be necessary to confirm a diagnosis or monitor treatment.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

What is a Comprehensive Metabolic Panel (CMP)?
A blood test that measures various substances in the blood to assess metabolic function.

What does a CMP typically measure?
Glucose, electrolytes, kidney function, liver function, and other metabolic indicators.

Why is a CMP ordered by a doctor?
To evaluate overall health, diagnose certain conditions, or monitor existing medical conditions.

How is a CMP test performed?
A blood sample is drawn from a vein, usually in the arm.

Do I need to fast before a CMP test?
Possibly, depending on the specific requirements of the test and the doctor's instructions.

What can a CMP help diagnose?
Various conditions, including diabetes, kidney disease, liver disease, and electrolyte imbalances.

Are there any risks associated with a CMP test?
Generally minimal, but may include bruising, bleeding, or infection at the needle site.

How long does it usually take to get results from a CMP test?
Typically several hours to a few days, depending on the laboratory and testing procedures.

Can a CMP be used to monitor medication effects?
Yes, to assess how certain medications are affecting metabolic function.

Is a CMP the same as a Complete Blood Count (CBC)?
No, they measure different components of the blood.