Complete Blood Count (CBC) with Differential

A Complete Blood Count (CBC) with differential is a common laboratory test that provides valuable information about the different components of blood, including red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets.

Purpose of the Test

The purpose of a CBC with differential is to:

• Evaluate the overall health of an individual
• Diagnose and monitor various medical conditions, such as anemia, infection, inflammation, and bleeding disorders
• Monitor the effectiveness of treatments, such as chemotherapy or antibiotics

Components of a CBC with Differential

A CBC with differential typically includes the following components:

• Red Blood Cell (RBC) count: measures the number of red blood cells in the blood
• Hemoglobin (Hb) level: measures the amount of hemoglobin in the blood, which carries oxygen to tissues and organs
• Hematocrit (Hct) level: measures the proportion of red blood cells in the blood
• White Blood Cell (WBC) count: measures the number of white blood cells in the blood, which helps to fight infection and disease
• Differential count: measures the percentage of different types of white blood cells, including:
  • Neutrophils
  • Lymphocytes
  • Monocytes
  • Eosinophils
  • Basophils
• Platelet count: measures the number of platelets in the blood, which helps to prevent bleeding and clotting

How the Test is Performed

A CBC with differential is typically performed using a blood sample collected from a vein in the arm. The sample is then sent to a laboratory for analysis.

Interpretation of Results

The results of a CBC with differential are interpreted by a healthcare provider, who will consider the individual's medical history, symptoms, and other test results when evaluating the results. Abnormal results may indicate a range of conditions, including:

• Anemia or polycythemia (too few or too many red blood cells)
• Infection or inflammation (elevated white blood cell count)
• Bleeding disorders (low platelet count)
• Leukemia or lymphoma (abnormal white blood cell count or differential)

Limitations and Risks

While a CBC with differential is a valuable diagnostic tool, it has some limitations and risks, including:

• Possible false-negative or false-positive results
• Risk of bleeding or bruising at the blood collection site
• Rarely, infection or nerve damage may occur at the blood collection site