Chronic Cough

A chronic cough is a cough that lasts for more than 8 weeks in adults and more than 4 weeks in children. It can be a symptom of an underlying condition, such as a respiratory infection, allergy, or environmental factor.

Causes of Chronic Cough

• Respiratory Infections: Pneumonia, bronchitis, and tuberculosis can cause chronic cough.
• Allergies: Allergic reactions to dust, pollen, mold, or pet dander can trigger a chronic cough.
• Asthma: Asthma is a common cause of chronic cough, especially in children and young adults.
• Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD): Stomach acid flowing up into the esophagus can irritate the throat and cause a chronic cough.
• Environmental Factors: Exposure to tobacco smoke, air pollution, or chemicals can contribute to a chronic cough.
• COPD (Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease): COPD is a progressive lung disease that can cause a chronic cough.
• Bronchiectasis: A condition where the airways are damaged and widened, leading to a chronic cough.
• Cystic Fibrosis: A genetic disorder that affects the lungs and digestive system, causing a chronic cough.

Symptoms of Chronic Cough

• Coughing that lasts for more than 8 weeks in adults or more than 4 weeks in children
• Coughing up mucus or phlegm
• Wheezing or shortness of breath
• Chest tightness or discomfort
• Fatigue or exhaustion due to persistent coughing

Diagnosis of Chronic Cough

Diagnosing the underlying cause of a chronic cough involves a combination of:

• Medical History: Reviewing the patient's medical history and symptoms.
• Physical Examination: Performing a physical examination to check for signs of respiratory disease.
• Chest X-ray: Taking a chest X-ray to rule out lung diseases such as pneumonia or tuberculosis.
• Pulmonary Function Tests (PFTs): Conducting PFTs to assess lung function and diagnose conditions such as asthma or COPD.
• Allergy Testing: Performing allergy testing to identify potential allergens that may be contributing to the cough.
• Endoscopy: Using an endoscope to visualize the airways and diagnose conditions such as bronchiectasis or cystic fibrosis.

Treatment of Chronic Cough

Treatment for chronic cough depends on the underlying cause. Common treatments include:

• Medications: Antibiotics, antihistamines, bronchodilators, or corticosteroids to manage symptoms and treat underlying conditions.
• Lifestyle Changes: Avoiding triggers such as tobacco smoke or allergens, staying hydrated, and getting plenty of rest.
• Pulmonary Rehabilitation: A program that includes exercise, education, and support to help manage symptoms and improve lung function.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

What is a chronic cough?
A cough lasting more than 8 weeks.

What are common causes of chronic cough?
Smoking, asthma, allergies, acid reflux.

Can infections cause chronic cough?
Yes, such as bronchitis or pneumonia.

Is chronic cough a symptom of lung disease?
Yes, including COPD and lung cancer.

Can gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) cause chronic cough?
Yes, due to stomach acid irritating the throat.

How is chronic cough diagnosed?
Through physical exam, medical history, and tests like chest X-rays.

What are treatment options for chronic cough?
Medications, lifestyle changes, and addressing underlying causes.

Can allergies trigger chronic cough?
Yes, especially in people with allergic rhinitis.

Is chronic cough contagious?
Usually not, unless caused by an infectious disease.

When should I see a doctor for chronic cough?
If it persists, worsens, or is accompanied by other concerning symptoms.