Chondromalacia Patellae

Chondromalacia patellae, also known as runner's knee or patellofemoral pain syndrome, is a medical condition characterized by the softening and breakdown of the cartilage on the underside of the kneecap (patella). This condition can cause knee pain and tenderness, especially in individuals who participate in activities that put repetitive stress on the knee joint.

Causes and Risk Factors

The exact cause of chondromalacia patellae is not always clear, but several factors can contribute to its development. These include:

• Overuse or repetitive strain on the knee joint, such as from running, jumping, or cycling
• Abnormal tracking of the kneecap, where the patella does not move properly in its groove
• Weakened or tight thigh muscles, which can affect the alignment and movement of the kneecap
• Direct trauma to the knee, such as a fall onto the knee
• Foot problems, such as flat feet or high arches, that can affect the way the knee moves

Symptoms

The symptoms of chondromalacia patellae can vary from person to person but often include:

• Knee pain, usually in the front of the knee, which can be dull and aching or sharp and stabbing
• Pain when climbing stairs, squatting, or jumping
• Pain when sitting for long periods with the knee bent
• Grinding or clicking sensations in the knee when moving
• Knee swelling or inflammation

Diagnosis

Diagnosing chondromalacia patellae typically involves a combination of physical examination, medical history, and imaging tests. A healthcare provider may:

• Perform a physical exam to assess knee movement, alignment, and pain
• Take a medical history to identify any contributing factors or previous injuries
• Order X-rays or an MRI scan to evaluate the condition of the cartilage and other structures in the knee joint

Treatment

Treatment for chondromalacia patellae usually focuses on relieving pain, improving knee function, and addressing any underlying causes. This may include:

• Physical therapy to strengthen the thigh muscles and improve knee movement
• Pain relief medications, such as acetaminophen or ibuprofen
• Rest, ice, compression, and elevation (RICE) to reduce pain and inflammation
• Orthotics or shoe inserts to correct foot problems that may be contributing to the condition
• In some cases, surgery may be necessary to realign the kneecap or repair damaged cartilage

Prevention

To help prevent chondromalacia patellae, individuals can take several steps:

• Maintain a healthy weight to reduce stress on the knee joint
• Wear proper footwear and orthotics when engaging in physical activities
• Strengthen the thigh muscles through exercises like squats and lunges
• Avoid overuse or repetitive strain on the knee joint
• Warm up and stretch before exercising to reduce the risk of injury