Changes in Appetite

Changes in appetite refer to a significant increase or decrease in the desire to eat, which can be a symptom of various underlying medical conditions.

Causes of Increased Appetite

• Hypoglycemia (low blood sugar): May cause an intense hunger and increased appetite.
• Hyperthyroidism: An overactive thyroid gland can increase metabolism, leading to increased hunger and appetite.
• Pregnancy: Hormonal changes during pregnancy can stimulate appetite.
• Certain medications: Such as corticosteroids, cyproheptadine, and tricyclic antidepressants can increase appetite.

Causes of Decreased Appetite

• Infections: Such as the flu, pneumonia, or other viral or bacterial infections can decrease appetite.
• Dental problems: Toothaches, gum disease, or denture problems can make eating uncomfortable and decrease appetite.
• Gastrointestinal issues: Conditions like gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), or inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) can decrease appetite.
• Certain medications: Such as chemotherapy, antibiotics, or antidepressants can decrease appetite.
• Depression and anxiety: Mental health conditions can affect appetite and eating habits.
• Cancer: Certain types of cancer, such as pancreatic cancer, can cause a decrease in appetite.

Evaluation and Diagnosis

To evaluate changes in appetite, a healthcare professional will typically perform a physical examination, take a medical history, and may order diagnostic tests, such as:

• Complete blood count (CBC)
• Blood chemistry tests
• Thyroid function tests
• Imaging studies (e.g., X-rays, CT scans)

Treatment and Management

Treatment for changes in appetite depends on the underlying cause. In some cases, treatment may involve:

• Medications to manage underlying conditions
• Nutritional counseling
• Lifestyle modifications (e.g., exercise, stress management)
• Counseling or therapy for mental health conditions