Catheter Ablation

Catheter ablation is a medical procedure used to treat abnormal heart rhythms, also known as arrhythmias. It involves using a catheter, a thin flexible tube, to destroy or scar the tissue in the heart that is causing the arrhythmia.

How it Works

The procedure typically begins with the insertion of one or more catheters into a vein in the leg or arm, which are then guided to the heart using X-ray imaging. Once the catheter reaches the heart, the doctor uses special mapping tools to identify the source of the arrhythmia.

Types of Catheter Ablation

• Radiofrequency ablation (RFA): This is the most common type of catheter ablation. It uses high-frequency energy to heat and destroy the abnormal tissue in the heart.
• Cryoablation: This type of ablation uses extremely cold temperatures to freeze and destroy the abnormal tissue.
• Laser ablation: This type of ablation uses a laser to destroy the abnormal tissue.

Indications for Catheter Ablation

Catheter ablation is typically used to treat various types of arrhythmias, including:

• Atrial fibrillation (AFib)
• Atrial flutter
• Supraventricular tachycardia (SVT)
• Ventricular tachycardia (VT)
• Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome (WPW)

Risks and Complications

As with any medical procedure, catheter ablation carries some risks and potential complications, including:

• Bleeding or bruising at the catheter site
• Infection
• Damaged heart tissue or valves
• Ablation of the wrong tissue
• Stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA)

Success Rates and Recovery

The success rate for catheter ablation varies depending on the type of arrhythmia being treated, but it is generally high. Most people can return home the same day as the procedure and resume normal activities within a few days.

Post-Procedure Care

After the procedure, patients are typically monitored for several hours to ensure that there are no complications. They may also need to take medications to prevent blood clots or manage any remaining arrhythmias.