Cat Scratch Disease

Cat scratch disease (CSD), also known as cat scratch fever, is a bacterial infection caused by Bartonella henselae. The disease is typically transmitted to humans through scratches or bites from infected cats, usually kittens.

Causes and Risk Factors

The bacteria Bartonella henselae are commonly found in cats, particularly in kittens under one year of age. Cats can become infected with the bacteria through flea bites or contact with other infected cats. Humans can contract CSD through:

• Scratches from an infected cat's claws
• Bites from an infected cat
• Kissing an infected cat on the face or lips
• Touching an open wound to an infected cat's saliva or discharge

Symptoms

The symptoms of CSD typically develop within 3-10 days after exposure and may include:

• A small, red, painful bump or blister at the site of the scratch or bite
• Swollen lymph nodes, particularly in the neck, armpits, or groin area
• Fever, usually mild
• Headache
• Fatigue
• Loss of appetite

Diagnosis and Treatment

CSD is typically diagnosed based on a physical examination, medical history, and laboratory tests, such as:

• Blood tests to detect the presence of Bartonella henselae antibodies
• Biopsy or culture of the affected lymph node

Treatment for CSD usually involves:

• Antibiotics, such as azithromycin or ciprofloxacin, to treat the bacterial infection
• Pain management with over-the-counter pain relievers, such as acetaminophen or ibuprofen
• Supportive care, including rest and hydration

Complications and Prevention

In rare cases, CSD can lead to complications, such as:

• Encephalopathy (brain inflammation)
• Osteomyelitis (bone infection)
• Endocarditis (heart valve infection)

To prevent CSD, it is recommended to:

• Avoid touching or handling cats that are sick or have fleas
• Wash hands thoroughly after interacting with cats
• Keep cats indoors to reduce the risk of flea infestation
• Use flea control measures on cats, such as topical treatments or flea collars

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

What is Cat Scratch Disease?
Cat Scratch Disease (CSD) is a bacterial infection caused by Bartonella henselae.

How is Cat Scratch Disease transmitted?
CSD is typically transmitted through scratches or bites from infected cats, often kittens.

What are the common symptoms of Cat Scratch Disease?
Symptoms may include swelling and redness at the site of the scratch, swollen lymph nodes, fever, and fatigue.

Can Cat Scratch Disease be serious?
In most cases, CSD is mild, but it can be serious in people with weakened immune systems.

How is Cat Scratch Disease diagnosed?
Diagnosis is often based on symptoms, medical history, and laboratory tests, including blood tests and biopsy of affected lymph nodes.

Can Cat Scratch Disease be treated with antibiotics?
Antibiotics may be prescribed to treat CSD, but their effectiveness is not universally established.

How long does it take for Cat Scratch Disease symptoms to appear?
Symptoms typically appear within 3-10 days after the scratch or bite.

Can Cat Scratch Disease be prevented?
Avoiding scratches and bites from cats, washing hands after handling cats, and keeping cats free of fleas may reduce the risk of transmission.

Are certain people more susceptible to Cat Scratch Disease?
People with weakened immune systems, such as those with HIV/AIDS or undergoing chemotherapy, may be more susceptible to CSD.

Is Cat Scratch Disease contagious between humans?
There is no clear evidence that CSD can be transmitted directly from person to person.