Cat Scratch Disease

Cat scratch disease (CSD), also known as cat scratch fever, is a bacterial infection caused by Bartonella henselae. The disease is typically transmitted to humans through scratches or bites from infected cats, usually kittens.

Causes and Risk Factors

The bacteria Bartonella henselae are commonly found in cats, particularly in kittens under one year of age. Cats can become infected with the bacteria through flea bites or contact with other infected cats. Humans can contract CSD through:

• Scratches from an infected cat's claws
• Bites from an infected cat
• Kissing an infected cat on the face or lips
• Touching an open wound to an infected cat's saliva or discharge

Symptoms

The symptoms of CSD typically develop within 3-10 days after exposure and may include:

• A small, red, painful bump or blister at the site of the scratch or bite
• Swollen lymph nodes, particularly in the neck, armpits, or groin area
• Fever, usually mild
• Headache
• Fatigue
• Loss of appetite

Diagnosis and Treatment

CSD is typically diagnosed based on a physical examination, medical history, and laboratory tests, such as:

• Blood tests to detect the presence of Bartonella henselae antibodies
• Biopsy or culture of the affected lymph node

Treatment for CSD usually involves:

• Antibiotics, such as azithromycin or ciprofloxacin, to treat the bacterial infection
• Pain management with over-the-counter pain relievers, such as acetaminophen or ibuprofen
• Supportive care, including rest and hydration

Complications and Prevention

In rare cases, CSD can lead to complications, such as:

• Encephalopathy (brain inflammation)
• Osteomyelitis (bone infection)
• Endocarditis (heart valve infection)

To prevent CSD, it is recommended to:

• Avoid touching or handling cats that are sick or have fleas
• Wash hands thoroughly after interacting with cats
• Keep cats indoors to reduce the risk of flea infestation
• Use flea control measures on cats, such as topical treatments or flea collars