Cat and Dog Allergy

Cat and dog allergy, also known as pet allergy, is an allergic reaction to one or more proteins found in the dander (skin flakes), saliva, or urine of cats and dogs. These proteins can become airborne and be inhaled, triggering an immune response in sensitive individuals.

Symptoms

• Respiratory symptoms: congestion, sneezing, runny nose, itchy throat, coughing, wheezing, and shortness of breath
• Eye symptoms: redness, itching, tearing, and swelling
• Skin symptoms: hives, itching, and rashes
• Nasal symptoms: postnasal drip, loss of smell, and facial pressure
• Other symptoms: headaches, fatigue, and irritability

Causes and Triggers

The primary cause of cat and dog allergy is the presence of allergenic proteins in the dander, saliva, or urine of these animals. These proteins can become airborne and be inhaled, triggering an allergic reaction.

• Dander: tiny skin flakes that are shed by cats and dogs
• Slobber and urine: contain proteins that can trigger allergies
• Fur and hair: can collect dander, dust, and other allergens, exacerbating symptoms

Treatments and Management

Treatment for cat and dog allergy typically involves a combination of avoiding exposure to the allergen, using medications to alleviate symptoms, and immunotherapy.

• Avoidance: removing the pet from the home or restricting access to certain areas
• Medications:
  • Antihistamines: relieve itching, sneezing, and runny nose
  • Decongestants: reduce nasal congestion
  • Corticosteroids: reduce inflammation and swelling
  • Immunomodulators: modify the immune response to reduce symptoms
• Immunotherapy: allergy shots or sublingual immunotherapy to desensitize the individual to the allergen
• HEPA filters and air purifiers: can help remove allergens from the air
• Frequent cleaning: regular vacuuming, dusting, and washing of surfaces to reduce dander and other allergens

Prevention

To prevent cat and dog allergy, individuals can take steps to minimize exposure to the allergen.

• Choose hypoallergenic breeds: some breeds, such as Poodles and Bichon Frise, are considered hypoallergenic due to their low-shedding coats
• Keep pets out of bedrooms: reduce exposure to allergens in areas where individuals spend a significant amount of time
• Use allergen-proof bedding and mattress covers: prevent dander and other allergens from accumulating on bedding
• Wash hands frequently: especially after petting or handling animals