Carpal Tunnel Syndrome

Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is a medical condition that arises due to compression of the median nerve as it travels through the wrist at the carpal tunnel. The carpal tunnel is a narrow, rigid passageway of ligament and bones at the base of the hand that houses the median nerve and tendons that bend the fingers.

Symptoms

The symptoms of carpal tunnel syndrome may include:

• Numbness or tingling in the thumb, index, middle finger, and part of the ring finger
• Burning or itching sensation in the palm or fingers
• Pain or aching in the wrist, forearm, or hand, especially after heavy use or at night
• Weakened grip or difficulty holding objects
• Dropping things due to weakness or numbness in the hand
• Shock-like sensations that radiate to the fingers

Causes and Risk Factors

Carpal tunnel syndrome is often caused by a combination of factors, including:

• Repetitive motions, such as typing or using vibrating tools
• Poor posture or wrist alignment
• Fluid retention during pregnancy or menopause
• Thyroid disorders or other medical conditions that cause swelling in the wrist
• Genetic predisposition to smaller carpal tunnels
• Previous injuries, such as a wrist fracture

Treatments

Treatment for carpal tunnel syndrome usually involves a combination of the following:

• Conservative treatments:
  • Resting the affected hand and wrist
  • Applying ice to reduce swelling
  • Wearing a wrist splint, especially at night, to keep the wrist in a neutral position
  • Performing stretching exercises to improve flexibility and strength
• Medications:
  • Pain relievers, such as acetaminophen or ibuprofen, to reduce pain and inflammation
  • Corticosteroids, either orally or injected into the carpal tunnel, to reduce swelling and relieve pressure on the median nerve
• Alternative therapies:
  • Acupuncture to stimulate healing and reduce pain
  • Yoga or physical therapy to improve wrist and hand function
• Surgical treatments:
  • Release surgery, which involves cutting the ligament that forms the roof of the carpal tunnel to relieve pressure on the median nerve
  • Endoscopic surgery, a minimally invasive procedure that uses a small camera and instruments to release the ligament

Prevention

To prevent carpal tunnel syndrome or reduce the risk of developing it, individuals can take the following steps:

• Maintain good posture and wrist alignment when working or performing activities
• Take regular breaks to stretch and move around
• Avoid repetitive motions or vibrations that can cause strain on the wrist
• Use ergonomic equipment, such as a keyboard tray or mouse pad, to reduce strain on the wrist
• Exercise regularly to improve overall hand and wrist function