Cardioversion

Cardioversion is a medical procedure used to restore a normal heart rhythm from an abnormal one, known as arrhythmia. It involves the use of electrical shocks to convert the heart's rhythm back to normal.

Indications

Cardioversion is typically performed to treat certain types of arrhythmias, including:

• Atrial fibrillation (AFib)
• Atrial flutter
• Ventricular tachycardia (VT)
• Supraventricular tachycardia (SVT)

Procedure

The cardioversion procedure typically involves the following steps:

1. The patient is given a sedative or anesthetic to help them relax and reduce discomfort.
2. Electrodes are placed on the patient's chest, back, or both.
3. The electrodes are connected to a cardioverter-defibrillator machine, which delivers the electrical shock.
4. The doctor will synchronize the shock with the patient's heart rhythm and deliver the shock.
5. The patient may feel a brief sensation of discomfort or pain during the procedure.

Risks and Complications

As with any medical procedure, cardioversion carries some risks and complications, including:

• Blood clots or stroke
• Cardiac tamponade (fluid accumulation in the sac surrounding the heart)
• Pneumothorax (collapsed lung)
• Skin burns or irritation from the electrodes
• Allergic reactions to the sedative or anesthetic

Preparation and Follow-up

To prepare for cardioversion, patients may need to:

• Stop taking certain medications, such as blood thinners
• Undergo blood tests to check for blood clotting disorders
• Have an electrocardiogram (ECG) or echocardiogram to evaluate heart function

After the procedure, patients may need to:

• Take medications to prevent future arrhythmias
• Attend follow-up appointments with their doctor to monitor heart rhythm and adjust treatment as needed

Success Rates

The success rate of cardioversion varies depending on the type of arrhythmia being treated. Generally, cardioversion is most effective for treating atrial fibrillation and atrial flutter, with success rates ranging from 50-90%. However, the procedure may need to be repeated if the arrhythmia recurs.