Bunions

A bunion is a bony bump that forms on the joint at the base of the big toe, where the toe meets the foot. It is a common foot problem that can cause pain, discomfort, and difficulty walking.

What are the symptoms of bunions?

• Pain and tenderness in the big toe and ball of the foot
• A visible bump or deformity on the joint at the base of the big toe
• Soreness and redness around the bunion
• Swelling and inflammation of the affected area
• Difficulty walking or standing for long periods
• Numbness or tingling in the big toe
• Limited range of motion in the big toe

What causes bunions?

Bunions are often caused by a combination of genetic and environmental factors, including:

• Abnormal foot mechanics or gait
• Tight or poorly fitting shoes
• High heels or shoes that put pressure on the toes
• Genetic predisposition to bunions
• Aging and wear and tear on the joints
• Certain medical conditions, such as rheumatoid arthritis or gout

Treatments for bunions

Treatment for bunions typically involves a combination of self-care measures, conservative treatments, and in some cases, surgery.

• Self-care measures:
  • Wearing comfortable, wide-toed shoes
  • Avoiding high heels or tight shoes
  • Using bunion pads or shoe inserts to reduce pressure on the bunion
  • Icing and elevating the foot to reduce pain and swelling
• Conservative treatments:
  • Physical therapy to improve foot mechanics and reduce pain
  • Orthotics or custom shoe inserts to redistribute pressure on the foot
  • Pain relief medications, such as acetaminophen or ibuprofen
  • Corticosteroid injections to reduce inflammation and pain
• Surgical treatments:
  • Bunionectomy: removal of the bunion and realignment of the toe joint
  • Osteotomy: cutting and realigning the bone to correct the deformity
  • Arthrodesis: fusion of the joints in the foot to eliminate pain and stiffness

Prevention of bunions

To prevent bunions, it is recommended to:

• Wear comfortable, wide-toed shoes that fit properly
• Avoid high heels or tight shoes
• Use orthotics or custom shoe inserts to redistribute pressure on the foot
• Maintain a healthy weight to reduce pressure on the feet
• Exercise regularly to improve foot mechanics and strength

Complications of bunions

If left untreated, bunions can lead to complications such as:

• Arthritis: inflammation and degeneration of the joints in the foot
• Bursitis: inflammation of the fluid-filled sacs that cushion the joints
• Hammertoes: deformity of the smaller toes, which can cause pain and discomfort
• Metatarsalgia: pain and inflammation in the ball of the foot