Bumps, Knocks, and Bruises

Bumps, knocks, and bruises are common injuries that occur when the body comes into contact with a hard surface or object, causing damage to the skin and underlying tissues.

Causes

• Falls or trips
• Collisions with objects or people
• Sports injuries
• Accidents at home or work
• Assaults or physical abuse

Symptoms

• Pain or tenderness in the affected area
• Swelling, redness, or bruising of the skin
• Bleeding or lacerations (cuts) in the skin
• Limited mobility or stiffness in the affected area

Types of Injuries

• Contusion: a bruise caused by blood leaking from damaged blood vessels into the surrounding tissue
• Hematoma: a collection of blood that has leaked out of blood vessels and accumulated in a specific area
• Laceration: a cut or tear in the skin
• Abrasions: scrapes or scratches on the skin

Treatment and Management

• RICE method:
  • R: Rest the affected area to avoid further injury
  • I: Ice the area to reduce pain and swelling
  • C: Compression with a bandage or wrap to help reduce swelling
  • E: Elevation of the affected area above heart level to reduce swelling
• Pain relief medication, such as acetaminophen or ibuprofen
• Antibiotic ointment and dressing for open wounds
• Surgical intervention may be necessary in severe cases

Complications

• Infection of the wound or surrounding tissue
• Nerve damage or numbness
• Blood clots or deep vein thrombosis (DVT)
• Scarring or keloid formation

Prevention

• Wearing protective gear, such as helmets and knee pads, during sports or activities
• Using safety equipment, such as seatbelts and airbags, in vehicles
• Avoiding slippery or uneven surfaces
• Improving lighting and reducing tripping hazards at home or work