Breast Pain

Breast pain, also known as mastalgia, is a common symptom that affects many women. It can range from mild to severe and can be intermittent or constant.

Types of Breast Pain

• Cyclic breast pain: This type of pain is related to the menstrual cycle and typically occurs in the luteal phase, after ovulation. It is usually caused by hormonal changes and can be accompanied by swelling and lumpiness.
• Non-cyclic breast pain: This type of pain is not related to the menstrual cycle and can occur at any time. It can be caused by a variety of factors, including trauma, infection, or tumors.

Causes of Breast Pain

• Hormonal changes: Fluctuations in estrogen and progesterone levels during the menstrual cycle can cause breast pain.
• Menstruation: Many women experience breast tenderness or pain during their period.
• Pregnancy: Breast pain is a common symptom during pregnancy, especially during the first trimester.
• Breast cysts: Fluid-filled sacs in the breast can cause pain and discomfort.
• Fibrocystic changes: Lumpy or rope-like breast tissue can cause pain and tenderness.
• Infections: Mastitis, an infection of the breast tissue, can cause pain, swelling, and redness.
• Trauma: Injury to the breast can cause pain and bruising.
• Breast cancer: Although rare, breast cancer can cause breast pain, especially if it is located near the chest wall or in the armpit.

Other Factors that Can Contribute to Breast Pain

• Medications: Certain medications, such as hormonal birth control and certain antidepressants, can cause breast pain as a side effect.
• Breast size: Women with larger breasts may experience more frequent or severe breast pain due to the weight and strain on the breast tissue.
• Age: Breast pain is more common in younger women, especially those under the age of 40.

Diagnosis and Treatment

A healthcare provider will typically perform a physical exam and take a medical history to diagnose the cause of breast pain. Additional tests, such as imaging studies or biopsies, may be ordered if necessary. Treatment for breast pain depends on the underlying cause and can include:

• Over-the-counter pain relievers: Such as acetaminophen or ibuprofen.
• Hormonal therapies: To regulate hormonal imbalances.
• Antibiotics: If an infection is present.
• Surgical intervention: In some cases, surgery may be necessary to remove a tumor or cyst.

When to Seek Medical Attention

It is essential to seek medical attention if you experience:

• Severe breast pain: That interferes with daily activities.
• Nipple discharge: Especially if it is bloody or persistent.
• Breast lump or mass: That is new or changing.
• Redness or swelling: Of the breast or nipple.
• Fever: Accompanied by breast pain or other symptoms.