Brain Stereotactic Radiosurgery

Brain stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) is a non-invasive, non-surgical procedure that uses high doses of radiation to treat tumors and other abnormalities in the brain.

How it Works

Stereotactic radiosurgery uses a combination of imaging technologies, such as MRI or CT scans, and specialized software to precisely locate the target area in the brain. A machine called a linear accelerator (linac) or a gamma knife is then used to deliver a high dose of radiation to the targeted area.

Types of Machines Used

There are several types of machines that can be used for brain SRS, including:

• Gamma Knife: A cobalt-based machine that uses gamma rays to deliver radiation.
• Linear Accelerator (Linac): A machine that uses x-rays to deliver radiation.
• CyberKnife: A robotic system that uses a linac to deliver radiation.

Indications for Use

Brain SRS is used to treat a variety of conditions, including:

• Brain tumors, such as metastases, meningiomas, and acoustic neuromas.
• Arteriovenous malformations (AVMs): Abnormal connections between arteries and veins in the brain.
• Trigeminal neuralgia: A condition that causes facial pain.

Benefits and Advantages

The benefits of brain SRS include:

• Minimally invasive, non-surgical procedure.
• No incision or hospital stay required.
• Reduced risk of complications compared to traditional surgery.
• Precise delivery of radiation to the targeted area, minimizing damage to surrounding tissue.

Risks and Side Effects

While brain SRS is generally a safe procedure, there are potential risks and side effects, including:

• Fatigue.
• Headache.
• Nausea and vomiting.
• Seizures (rarely).
• Radiation necrosis: Damage to brain tissue caused by radiation (rarely).

Post-Procedure Care

After undergoing brain SRS, patients typically:

• Can return home the same day.
• May experience some fatigue and headache, which can be managed with medication.
• Will need to follow up with their doctor for regular check-ups and imaging tests to monitor the treated area.

Outcomes and Success Rates

The success of brain SRS depends on various factors, including the type and size of the tumor or abnormality being treated. In general:

• Tumor control rates range from 80-90% for certain types of tumors.
• AVM obliteration rates range from 70-90%.
• Pain relief rates for trigeminal neuralgia range from 80-90%.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

What is brain stereotactic radiosurgery?
A non-invasive procedure using radiation to treat brain tumors and lesions.

How does it work?
Delivers high doses of radiation to specific areas of the brain with minimal damage to surrounding tissue.

What conditions can it treat?
Brain tumors, arteriovenous malformations, trigeminal neuralgia, and other neurological disorders.

Is it a surgical procedure?
No, it is a non-surgical procedure that does not require an incision.

How long does the procedure take?
Typically 30 minutes to several hours, depending on the complexity of the case.

Is anesthesia required?
Usually not, but may be used in some cases for patient comfort.

What are the benefits of brain stereotactic radiosurgery?
Minimally invasive, low risk of complications, and rapid recovery.

Can it be used in combination with other treatments?
Yes, often used in conjunction with chemotherapy, surgery, or whole-brain radiation therapy.

How many sessions are typically required?
Usually a single session, but may require multiple sessions for complex cases.

What is the typical recovery time?
Most patients can resume normal activities within 1-2 days after the procedure.