Bone Scan Procedure

A bone scan, also known as a bone scintigraphy, is a diagnostic imaging test used to evaluate the skeletal system for various conditions and diseases.

What is a Bone Scan?

A bone scan involves injecting a small amount of radioactive material, called a radiotracer or tracer, into a vein in the arm. The tracer accumulates in areas of high bone activity, such as where there is inflammation, infection, or cancer.

How is a Bone Scan Performed?

The procedure typically involves the following steps:

• The patient is injected with the radiotracer, usually technetium-99m-methyl diphosphonate (Tc-99m MDP), into a vein in the arm.
• The patient is then asked to wait for a period of time, usually 1-3 hours, to allow the tracer to accumulate in the bones.
• The patient lies on a table and a gamma camera is used to detect the radiation emitted by the tracer. The camera takes pictures of the skeleton from multiple angles.
• The images are then reconstructed into a three-dimensional picture of the skeletal system, highlighting areas of high bone activity.

Purpose of a Bone Scan

A bone scan can be used to:

• Detect and diagnose bone cancer, such as osteosarcoma or metastatic disease.
• Identify areas of inflammation or infection, such as osteomyelitis.
• Evaluate the extent of bone damage or fractures.
• Monitor the progression of diseases, such as Paget's disease or osteoporosis.
• Assess the effectiveness of treatment for certain conditions, such as cancer or infection.

Risks and Side Effects

The risks associated with a bone scan are generally minimal and may include:

• Allergic reactions to the radiotracer.
• Pain or discomfort at the injection site.
• Nausea or vomiting.
• Exposure to small amounts of radiation, although this is typically limited and safe.

Preparation and Aftercare

To prepare for a bone scan:

• Patient should wear comfortable clothing and avoid wearing metal objects, such as jewelry or glasses.
• Patient should inform their doctor about any medications they are taking or if they have any allergies.

After the procedure:

• The patient can resume normal activities immediately after the scan.
• The patient may be advised to drink plenty of water to help flush out the radiotracer from their system.