Bone Marrow Tests

Bone marrow tests are medical procedures used to diagnose and monitor various blood disorders, including leukemia, lymphoma, and anemia. The tests involve collecting a sample of bone marrow from the body for examination under a microscope.

Types of Bone Marrow Tests

• Bone Marrow Aspiration (BMA): This procedure involves using a needle to withdraw a small amount of liquid bone marrow from the hipbone or breastbone.
• Bone Marrow Biopsy (BMB): This procedure involves using a needle to remove a small sample of solid bone marrow tissue from the hipbone or breastbone.
• Combination of BMA and BMB: Both procedures are often performed together to collect both liquid and solid bone marrow samples for examination.

Purpose of Bone Marrow Tests

Bone marrow tests are used to:

• Diagnose blood disorders, such as leukemia, lymphoma, and anemia
• Monitor the progression of a disease or its response to treatment
• Evaluate the effectiveness of bone marrow transplantation
• Investigate abnormal blood cell counts or other blood-related problems

How Bone Marrow Tests are Performed

The procedure typically involves the following steps:

1. The patient is given local anesthesia to numb the area where the needle will be inserted.
2. A needle is inserted into the bone, and a sample of bone marrow is collected.
3. The sample is then sent to a laboratory for examination under a microscope.

Risks and Complications

As with any medical procedure, there are potential risks and complications associated with bone marrow tests, including:

• Pain or discomfort at the needle site
• Bleeding or bruising at the needle site
• Infection
• Nerve damage (rare)

Preparation and Aftercare

To prepare for a bone marrow test, patients should:

• Avoid taking aspirin or other blood-thinning medications for several days before the procedure
• Wear loose, comfortable clothing
• Plan to have someone drive them home after the procedure

After the procedure, patients should:

• Avoid strenuous activities for several hours
• Apply pressure to the needle site to stop any bleeding
• Monitor the needle site for signs of infection, such as redness or swelling

Results and Follow-up

The results of a bone marrow test are typically available within several days. The doctor will discuss the results with the patient and explain any necessary follow-up tests or treatments.