Bloodborne Pathogens

Bloodborne pathogens are infectious microorganisms that can be transmitted through contact with infected blood or other bodily fluids. These pathogens can cause a range of diseases, including hepatitis B, hepatitis C, and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).

What are Bloodborne Pathogens?

Bloodborne pathogens are viruses, bacteria, or other microorganisms that can be found in the blood or other bodily fluids of an infected person. These pathogens can be transmitted through:

• Direct contact with infected blood or bodily fluids
• Indirect contact with contaminated surfaces or objects
• Needlestick injuries or other puncture wounds
• Mucous membrane exposure, such as through the eyes, nose, or mouth

Types of Bloodborne Pathogens

The most common bloodborne pathogens include:

• Hepatitis B (HBV): a viral infection that can cause liver disease and cancer
• Hepatitis C (HCV): a viral infection that can cause liver disease and cancer
• Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV): a viral infection that can cause acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS)
• Other bloodborne pathogens, such as human T-cell lymphotropic virus (HTLV) and cytomegalovirus (CMV)

Prevention and Control

To prevent the transmission of bloodborne pathogens, it is essential to follow proper infection control procedures, including:

• Wearing personal protective equipment (PPE), such as gloves and masks
• Using sterile needles and syringes
• Properly disposing of contaminated sharps and bodily fluids
• Cleaning and disinfecting surfaces and equipment
• Following proper hand hygiene procedures

Treatment and Management

The treatment and management of bloodborne pathogens depend on the specific disease or infection. In general, treatment may include:

• Antiviral medications to treat viral infections such as HBV, HCV, and HIV
• Immune globulin to prevent infection after exposure
• Vaccination against hepatitis B
• Post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) to prevent HIV infection after exposure

Regulations and Guidelines

The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) has established regulations and guidelines for the prevention of bloodborne pathogen transmission in the workplace. These include:

• 29 CFR 1910.1030: Bloodborne Pathogens Standard
• Guidelines for infection control and prevention
• Training requirements for workers at risk of exposure