Bleeding Gums

Bleeding gums, also known as gingival bleeding, is a common symptom of gum disease, also known as periodontal disease. It occurs when the gums become inflamed and irritated, causing them to bleed easily.

Causes of Bleeding Gums

• Plaque and Tartar Buildup: The primary cause of bleeding gums is the buildup of plaque and tartar on the teeth. Plaque is a sticky film of bacteria that forms on the teeth, and if not removed regularly, it can harden into tartar, which can only be removed by a dental professional.
• Poor Oral Hygiene: Inadequate brushing and flossing can lead to plaque and tartar buildup, causing bleeding gums.
• Gingivitis: Gingivitis is a mild form of gum disease that causes inflammation and bleeding of the gums.
• Periodontitis: Periodontitis is a more severe form of gum disease that can cause the gums to pull away from the teeth, leading to bleeding and potentially even tooth loss.
• Hormonal Changes: Hormonal changes during pregnancy, menstruation, or menopause can affect the gums and cause them to become more sensitive and prone to bleeding.
• Medications: Certain medications, such as blood thinners, can increase the risk of bleeding gums.
• Nutritional Deficiencies: Deficiencies in vitamins C and K can affect the health of the gums and cause them to bleed more easily.
• Smoking: Smoking can reduce blood flow to the gums, making them more susceptible to disease and bleeding.

Symptoms of Bleeding Gums

• Bleeding when Brushing or Flossing: Bleeding gums are often first noticed when brushing or flossing the teeth.
• Red, Swollen, and Tender Gums: The gums may become red, swollen, and tender to the touch.
• Bad Breath: Bad breath (halitosis) can be a symptom of bleeding gums.
• Receding Gums: As gum disease progresses, the gums may begin to pull away from the teeth, exposing more of the tooth and potentially leading to sensitivity.

Treatment and Prevention of Bleeding Gums

• Good Oral Hygiene: Brushing and flossing regularly can help prevent plaque and tartar buildup and reduce the risk of bleeding gums.
• Professional Dental Cleanings: Regular dental cleanings can help remove plaque and tartar, preventing gum disease and bleeding gums.
• Antibacterial Mouthwash: Using an antibacterial mouthwash can help reduce bacteria in the mouth and prevent gum disease.
• Gingivitis Treatment: Gingivitis can be treated with a professional dental cleaning and good oral hygiene practices.
• Periodontitis Treatment: Periodontitis may require more extensive treatment, including deep cleanings, antibiotics, or surgery in severe cases.

Complications of Untreated Bleeding Gums

• Tooth Loss: Untreated gum disease can lead to tooth loss if the gums pull away from the teeth and the supporting bone is destroyed.
• Systemic Diseases: Research has linked gum disease to an increased risk of systemic diseases, including heart disease, diabetes, and respiratory infections.
• Low Birth Weight: Pregnant women with gum disease are at a higher risk of having a low birth weight baby.