Bilirubin Test
The bilirubin test is a medical laboratory test used to measure the levels of bilirubin in the blood or urine. Bilirubin is a yellow pigment that is produced during the breakdown of hemoglobin, which is the protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen.
Purpose
The purpose of the bilirubin test is to:
- Diagnose and monitor liver disease, such as hepatitis or cirrhosis
- Diagnose and monitor hemolytic anemia, a condition where red blood cells are broken down faster than they can be made
- Check for blockages in the bile ducts, which can cause jaundice (a yellowing of the skin and eyes)
- Monitor the effectiveness of treatment for liver or hemolytic disorders
Types of Bilirubin Tests
There are two types of bilirubin tests:
- Total Bilirubin Test: measures the total amount of bilirubin in the blood, including both conjugated (direct) and unconjugated (indirect) bilirubin
- Direct Bilirubin Test: measures only the conjugated (direct) bilirubin in the blood
How the Test is Performed
The bilirubin test typically involves:
- A blood sample being taken from a vein in the arm or hand
- The blood sample being sent to a laboratory for analysis
- The laboratory using a machine to measure the levels of bilirubin in the blood
Normal Results
Normal results for bilirubin tests vary depending on the laboratory and the individual, but generally:
- Total bilirubin: 0.1-1.2 mg/dL (1.7-20.5 μmol/L)
- Direct bilirubin: 0.0-0.3 mg/dL (0-5.1 μmol/L)
Abnormal Results
Abnormal results may indicate:
- Liver disease, such as hepatitis or cirrhosis
- Hemolytic anemia
- Blockages in the bile ducts
- Other conditions that affect the liver or red blood cells
Risks and Limitations
The bilirubin test is generally a safe and low-risk procedure, but:
- There may be some discomfort or bruising at the site where the blood sample was taken
- Some individuals may have an allergic reaction to the needle or other materials used in the test
- The test may not always accurately diagnose or monitor liver or hemolytic disorders
Article last updated on: 6th June 2025.
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