Bed Bugs

Bed bugs are small, flat, parasitic insects that feed on the blood of humans and other warm-blooded animals. They are a common problem worldwide and can infest homes, hotels, hospitals, and other establishments.

Symptoms

• Red, itchy bites or welts on the skin, often in a line or cluster
• Small, flat, red bumps or hives
• In rare cases, an allergic reaction to bed bug bites can cause more severe symptoms, such as swelling, blistering, or anaphylaxis

Cause and Risk Factors

Bed bugs are typically introduced into a home or establishment through used furniture, luggage, clothing, or other items that have come into contact with the insects. They can also spread from one room to another through pipes, electrical outlets, and other pathways.

Risk factors for bed bug infestations include:

• Traveling to areas where bed bugs are common
• Using second-hand furniture or items that may be infested with bed bugs
• Living in close proximity to others, such as in apartments or dormitories
• Having a history of bed bug infestations

Diagnosis and Treatment

Bed bug bites can be diagnosed based on their appearance and the presence of other signs of an infestation, such as live bugs, eggs, or shed skins. A healthcare professional may also perform a physical examination and take a medical history to rule out other possible causes of the symptoms.

Treatment for bed bug bites typically involves relieving the symptoms with over-the-counter medications, such as antihistamines or hydrocortisone cream. In rare cases, prescription medications may be necessary to treat more severe reactions.

To eliminate a bed bug infestation, it is typically necessary to use a combination of non-chemical and chemical methods, including:

• Washing and drying clothing and bedding on hot settings
• Drying cleaning or sealing in plastic bags items that cannot be washed
• Vacuuming with a vacuum cleaner that has a hose attachment and a bag or emptying the canister after each use
• Using mattress encasements and bed bug-proof box spring covers
• Applying insecticides, such as pyrethroids or neem oil, to cracks and crevices where bed bugs may be hiding

Prevention

To prevent bed bug infestations, it is recommended to:

• Inspect second-hand furniture and items carefully before bringing them into the home
• Use a mattress cover and bed bug-proof box spring cover
• Seal cracks and crevices around windows, doors, and baseboards with caulk or putty
• Wash and dry clothing and bedding regularly, especially after traveling
• Avoid bringing used items into the home that may be infested with bed bugs