Barium Swallow Procedure

A barium swallow, also known as an esophagram, is a medical imaging test used to visualize the upper digestive system, including the pharynx, esophagus, and stomach.

Purpose

The purpose of a barium swallow is to:

• Diagnose swallowing disorders, such as dysphagia
• Identify structural abnormalities, such as narrowing or blockages, in the esophagus
• Detect gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)
• Evaluate the function of the upper digestive system

Preparation

To prepare for a barium swallow, patients are typically instructed to:

• Fast for several hours before the test to ensure the stomach is empty
• Avoid eating or drinking anything that may interfere with the test, such as dairy products or caffeine
• Remove any jewelry or clothing that may interfere with the imaging equipment

Procedure

The barium swallow procedure typically involves the following steps:

1. The patient is given a liquid containing barium sulfate to drink, which coats the inside of the esophagus and stomach
2. The patient then undergoes a series of X-ray images, which are taken as they swallow the barium liquid
3. The X-ray machine takes images from different angles, including front-to-back and side-to-side views
4. The test may also involve the use of a fluoroscope, which provides real-time images of the swallowing process

Risks and Complications

While generally considered safe, there are some potential risks and complications associated with a barium swallow, including:

• Allergic reactions to the barium sulfate
• Constipation or bowel obstruction due to the barium sulfate
• Radiation exposure from the X-ray imaging

Results

The results of a barium swallow are typically interpreted by a radiologist, who will look for any abnormalities in the images, such as:

• Narrowing or blockages in the esophagus
• Tumors or other growths
• Scarring or inflammation
• Abnormalities in the swallowing process

Follow-up

After the test, patients may be instructed to:

• Drink plenty of water to help flush out the barium sulfate
• Avoid eating or drinking anything that may interfere with the test results for several hours after the procedure
• Follow up with their doctor to discuss the results and any further testing or treatment that may be needed