Baker's Cyst

A Baker's cyst, also known as a popliteal cyst, is a fluid-filled swelling that causes a bulge and a feeling of tightness behind your knee.

Causes

The most common cause of a Baker's cyst is a problem within the knee joint, such as:

• Arthritis (e.g., osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis)
• Cartilage tears (e.g., meniscal tears)
• Ligament sprains or tears
• Knee injuries or trauma

Symptoms

The symptoms of a Baker's cyst may include:

• A bulge or swelling behind the knee, which can be tender to the touch
• Pain when you extend your knee or when you're active
• Stiffness and limited mobility in the knee
• Swelling in the leg due to fluid accumulation
• A feeling of tightness or fullness behind the knee

Diagnosis

To diagnose a Baker's cyst, your doctor may:

• Perform a physical examination to check for swelling and tenderness behind the knee
• Use imaging tests such as X-rays, ultrasound, or MRI scans to confirm the presence of a fluid-filled cyst and rule out other conditions
• Check your medical history to identify any underlying conditions that may be contributing to the development of the cyst

Treatment

The treatment for a Baker's cyst depends on the underlying cause, but may include:

• Draining the fluid from the cyst (aspiration) to relieve pressure and reduce swelling
• Using physical therapy to improve knee mobility and strength
• Taking medications such as pain relievers or anti-inflammatory drugs to manage symptoms
• Addressing any underlying conditions, such as arthritis or cartilage tears, through surgery or other treatments

Complications

If left untreated, a Baker's cyst can lead to complications such as:

• Rupture of the cyst, which can cause pain and swelling in the leg
• Infection or abscess formation within the cyst
• Permanent damage to the knee joint or surrounding tissues if the underlying condition is not addressed

Prevention

To reduce your risk of developing a Baker's cyst, you can:

• Maintain a healthy weight to reduce stress on your knees
• Engage in regular exercise to strengthen the muscles around your knee
• Avoid activities that involve repetitive knee bending or twisting
• Wear proper protective gear when participating in sports or other high-impact activities