Audiometry

Audiometry is a medical procedure used to assess an individual's hearing ability and identify any potential hearing impairments or disorders.

Types of Audiometry

• Pure Tone Audiometry (PTA): This is the most common type of audiometry, which measures an individual's ability to hear pure tones at different frequencies and intensities.
• Speech Audiometry: This type of audiometry assesses an individual's ability to understand speech in quiet and noisy environments.
• Impedance Audiometry: Also known as tympanometry, this type of audiometry measures the movement of the eardrum and the reflexes of the middle ear muscles.
• Otoacoustic Emissions (OAE) Testing: This type of audiometry measures the sounds produced by the inner ear in response to sound stimulation.
• Brainstem Evoked Response Audiometry (BERA): This type of audiometry measures the electrical signals produced by the brain in response to sound stimulation.

Procedure

The audiometry procedure typically involves the following steps:

1. The individual is seated in a soundproof room or booth to minimize external noise and distractions.
2. Earphones or headphones are placed on the individual's ears, and they are instructed to respond to sounds by raising their hand or pressing a button.
3. The audiologist or hearing specialist presents a series of tones or speech stimuli through the earphones, starting with very soft sounds and gradually increasing the intensity.
4. The individual is asked to indicate when they can hear the sound, and the results are recorded on an audiogram.

Audiogram

An audiogram is a graph that plots the individual's hearing threshold levels against different frequencies. The audiogram provides a visual representation of the individual's hearing ability and can help identify any potential hearing impairments or disorders.

Interpretation of Results

The results of an audiometry test are interpreted by an audiologist or hearing specialist, who will:

• Determine the individual's hearing threshold levels at different frequencies.
• Identify any potential hearing impairments or disorders, such as conductive or sensorineural hearing loss.
• Recommend further testing or treatment, if necessary.

Clinical Applications

Audiometry has a range of clinical applications, including:

• Hearing loss diagnosis and monitoring: Audiometry is used to diagnose and monitor hearing loss in individuals with conditions such as otosclerosis, Meniere's disease, or noise-induced hearing loss.
• Hearing aid fitting and adjustment: Audiometry is used to fit and adjust hearing aids to ensure optimal sound quality and amplification.
• Cochlear implant evaluation: Audiometry is used to evaluate the effectiveness of cochlear implants in individuals with severe to profound sensorineural hearing loss.