Atypical Ductal Hyperplasia (ADH)

Atypical ductal hyperplasia (ADH) is a type of breast lesion that is considered to be a precancerous condition. It is characterized by the abnormal growth of cells within the milk ducts of the breast, which can increase the risk of developing breast cancer.

Causes and Risk Factors

The exact cause of ADH is not known, but it is thought to be related to hormonal changes and genetic factors. Women with a family history of breast cancer or who have previously been diagnosed with breast cancer are at increased risk of developing ADH. Other risk factors include:

• Age: ADH is more common in women over the age of 40
• Hormone replacement therapy (HRT): Women taking HRT may be at increased risk of developing ADH
• Previous breast biopsies: Women who have had previous breast biopsies may be at increased risk of developing ADH

Symptoms

ADH is often asymptomatic and may only be detected during a routine mammogram or breast biopsy. However, some women may experience:

• Nipple discharge
• Breast tenderness or pain
• A lump or thickening in the breast

Diagnosis

ADH is typically diagnosed through a combination of imaging tests and biopsy. These may include:

• Mammogram: A low-dose X-ray exam of the breast
• Ultrasound: A test that uses high-frequency sound waves to produce images of the breast
• Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI): A test that uses magnetic fields and radio waves to produce detailed images of the breast
• Breast biopsy: A procedure in which a sample of tissue is removed from the breast and examined under a microscope for abnormal cells

Treatment

Treatment for ADH typically involves close monitoring and follow-up care to ensure that the condition does not progress to breast cancer. This may include:

• Regular mammograms: To monitor the breast for any changes or abnormalities
• Clinical breast exams: Regular exams by a healthcare provider to check for any lumps or abnormalities
• Breast self-exams: Women with ADH should be aware of their breasts and report any changes or concerns to their healthcare provider
• Medications: In some cases, medications such as tamoxifen may be prescribed to reduce the risk of breast cancer

Prognosis

The prognosis for women with ADH is generally good, especially if the condition is detected and treated early. However, women with ADH are at increased risk of developing breast cancer, so regular monitoring and follow-up care are essential.