Astigmatism

Astigmatism is a common vision condition caused by an irregular shape of the cornea or lens in the eye, resulting in blurred or distorted vision at all distances.

What is Astigmatism?

Astigmatism occurs when the cornea or lens is not perfectly round, causing light to be focused at two different points rather than one. This irregular curvature can occur in either the cornea (the clear dome-shaped surface at the front of the eye) or the lens (the clear structure behind the iris that changes shape to focus on objects). As a result, the light entering the eye is not focused correctly, leading to vision problems.

Symptoms of Astigmatism

The symptoms of astigmatism may include:

• Blurred or distorted vision at all distances
• Eye strain or fatigue
• Headaches
• Dizziness or nausea
• Squinting or tilting the head to see clearly
• Difficulty driving at night or in low light conditions

Types of Astigmatism

There are two main types of astigmatism:

• Corneal astigmatism: This type occurs when the cornea is irregularly shaped, causing the light to be focused at two different points.
• Lenticular astigmatism: This type occurs when the lens is irregularly shaped, causing the light to be focused at two different points.

Causes of Astigmatism

Astigmatism can be caused by:

• Genetics: Astigmatism can be inherited from one's parents
• Injury or trauma to the eye
• Certain medical conditions, such as keratoconus or pellucid marginal degeneration
• Surgery or other procedures that affect the cornea or lens

Treatments for Astigmatism

The treatment options for astigmatism depend on the severity of the condition and may include:

• Glasses or contact lenses: Corrective lenses can help to refract light properly, improving vision.
• Refractive surgery: Procedures such as LASIK (laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis) or PRK (photorefractive keratectomy) can help to reshape the cornea and improve vision.
• Toric lenses: Specialized contact lenses that are designed to correct astigmatism.
• Corneal cross-linking: A procedure that helps to strengthen the cornea and improve its shape.

Diagnosis of Astigmatism

Astigmatism can be diagnosed through a comprehensive eye exam, which may include:

• Visual acuity test: To measure the sharpness of vision
• Keratometry: To measure the curvature of the cornea
• Refraction test: To determine the correct prescription for corrective lenses
• Corneal topography: To map the surface of the cornea and detect any irregularities

Complications of Untreated Astigmatism

If left untreated, astigmatism can lead to:

• Increased eye strain and fatigue
• Headaches and migraines
• Dizziness and nausea
• Difficulty with daily activities, such as reading or driving

Prevention of Astigmatism

While astigmatism cannot be completely prevented, there are steps that can be taken to reduce the risk:

• Wearing protective eyewear during sports or other activities that may cause eye injury
• Avoiding rubbing the eyes, which can cause irritation and potentially lead to astigmatism
• Getting regular eye exams to detect any potential problems early on