Arthroscopy of the Knee

Arthroscopy of the knee is a surgical procedure that allows a doctor to look inside the knee joint using a small camera and light. The procedure is used to diagnose and treat problems within the knee, such as torn ligaments, cartilage damage, and other conditions.

What is Arthroscopy?

Arthroscopy is a minimally invasive surgical technique that involves making small incisions in the skin to insert a thin, flexible tube with a camera and light on the end. The camera sends images to a monitor, allowing the doctor to see inside the joint.

Why is Arthroscopy of the Knee Performed?

Arthroscopy of the knee may be performed for several reasons, including:

• Diagnosis: To diagnose conditions such as torn ligaments, cartilage damage, and other problems within the knee joint.
• Treatment: To treat conditions such as torn menisci, loose fragments of bone or cartilage, and inflamed synovial tissue.
• Removal of Loose Bodies: To remove loose bodies, such as bone or cartilage fragments, that are causing pain and stiffness in the knee.
• Ligament Reconstruction: To reconstruct torn ligaments, such as the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL).

How is Arthroscopy of the Knee Performed?

The procedure typically involves the following steps:

1. Anesthesia: The patient is given anesthesia to numb the area and prevent pain during the procedure.
2. Incisions: Small incisions are made in the skin to insert the arthroscope and other instruments.
3. Insertion of Arthroscope: The arthroscope is inserted into the knee joint, and the camera sends images to a monitor.
4. Examination of the Joint: The doctor examines the joint and identifies any problems or damage.
5. Treatment: The doctor performs any necessary treatments, such as removing loose bodies or repairing torn ligaments.
6. Closure of Incisions: The incisions are closed with stitches or staples, and the knee is bandaged.

Risks and Complications

As with any surgical procedure, there are risks and complications associated with arthroscopy of the knee, including:

• Infection: There is a small risk of infection with any surgical procedure.
• Bleeding: There is a small risk of bleeding or hematoma (collection of blood outside of blood vessels) at the site of the incision.
• Nerve Damage: There is a small risk of nerve damage, which can cause numbness, tingling, or weakness in the knee or leg.
• Reaction to Anesthesia: Some patients may have an adverse reaction to anesthesia, such as nausea or dizziness.

Recovery and Rehabilitation

After arthroscopy of the knee, patients typically experience some pain, swelling, and stiffness in the knee. The recovery process usually involves:

• Pain Management: Patients are given medication to manage pain and discomfort.
• Rest and Ice: Patients are advised to rest and apply ice to the knee to reduce swelling and pain.
• Physical Therapy: Patients may need physical therapy to regain strength and range of motion in the knee.
• Follow-up Care: Patients typically need follow-up care with their doctor to monitor their progress and remove any stitches or staples.

Benefits of Arthroscopy of the Knee

The benefits of arthroscopy of the knee include:

• Minimally Invasive: The procedure is minimally invasive, resulting in less tissue damage and scarring.
• Faster Recovery: Patients typically experience faster recovery times compared to traditional open surgery.
• Less Pain: The procedure can help reduce pain and discomfort associated with knee problems.
• Improved Function: Arthroscopy of the knee can help improve function and mobility in the knee joint.