Ankle Fracture

An ankle fracture, also known as a broken ankle, is an injury to one or more of the bones that make up the ankle joint. The ankle joint is composed of three bones: the tibia (shinbone), fibula, and talus.

Types of Ankle Fractures

• Non-displaced fracture: The bone is cracked but still in its normal position.
• Displaced fracture: The bone is broken into two or more pieces and is out of place.
• Comminuted fracture: The bone is broken into three or more pieces.
• Open fracture: The skin is broken and there is a risk of infection.
• Stress fracture: A small crack in the bone, often caused by repetitive stress or overuse.

Causes and Risk Factors

Ankle fractures can be caused by a variety of factors, including:

• Falls from a height
• Twisting or rolling the ankle
• Direct blows to the ankle
• Overuse or repetitive stress
• Weakened bones (e.g. osteoporosis)

Symptoms

Common symptoms of an ankle fracture include:

• Pain and swelling in the ankle
• Difficulty walking or bearing weight on the ankle
• Deformity or abnormal appearance of the ankle
• Bruising or discoloration
• Numbness or tingling in the foot or toes

Diagnosis

Diagnosing an ankle fracture typically involves:

• Physical examination and medical history
• X-rays to confirm the presence of a fracture
• CT or MRI scans to evaluate the extent of the injury

Treatment

Treatment for an ankle fracture depends on the severity and type of fracture, but may include:

• Immobilization: Casting, bracing, or splinting to stabilize the ankle and allow healing.
• Pain management: Medications to manage pain and discomfort.
• Surgery: To repair and stabilize the fracture, especially in cases of displaced or comminuted fractures.
• Physical therapy: To restore strength, flexibility, and range of motion after healing.

Complications and Prevention

Possible complications of an ankle fracture include:

• Infection
• Nerve damage
• Arthritis
• Chronic pain or instability

To prevent ankle fractures, it is recommended to:

• Wear proper footwear and orthotics
• Avoid overexertion and repetitive stress
• Maintain strong bones through exercise and nutrition
• Use protective gear during sports or activities that involve high-impact movements

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

What is an ankle fracture?
A break in one or more bones in the ankle joint.

What are the common causes of ankle fractures?
Trauma, falls, sports injuries, and twisting or rolling of the ankle.

What are the symptoms of an ankle fracture?
Pain, swelling, bruising, and difficulty walking or bearing weight on the ankle.

How is an ankle fracture diagnosed?
X-rays, CT scans, or MRI scans to confirm the break and assess the extent of the injury.

What are the treatment options for ankle fractures?
Casting, bracing, physical therapy, pain management, and possibly surgery.

Can ankle fractures be prevented?
Possibly, by wearing proper footwear, using protective gear, and exercising caution during activities.

How long does it usually take to recover from an ankle fracture?
Typically several weeks to a few months, depending on the severity of the injury.

Are there different types of ankle fractures?
Yes, including stable, unstable, non-displaced, and displaced fractures.

Can ankle fractures lead to complications?
Possibly, such as infection, nerve damage, or long-term ankle instability.

When should I seek medical attention for an ankle fracture?
Immediately if there is severe pain, deformity, or inability to walk, or if symptoms worsen over time.