Ankle Arthrodesis

Ankle arthrodesis, also known as ankle fusion, is a surgical procedure that involves fusing the bones of the ankle joint together to eliminate pain and stabilize the joint.

Indications

• Severe arthritis or osteoarthritis of the ankle joint
• Fractures or trauma to the ankle joint that cannot be repaired
• Deformities or malalignment of the ankle joint
• Failed previous ankle replacement surgery
• Chronic pain and instability in the ankle joint

Surgical Procedure

The surgical procedure for ankle arthrodesis typically involves the following steps:

1. The patient is given general anesthesia or regional anesthesia to numb the area.
2. An incision is made in the front of the ankle, and the surgeon removes any damaged or diseased tissue from the joint.
3. The bones of the ankle joint are then prepared for fusion by removing any cartilage or debris.
4. The bones are then aligned and stabilized using screws, plates, or rods.
5. Bone grafts may be used to promote healing and fusion of the bones.
6. The incision is closed with sutures or staples, and a dressing is applied to the wound.

Types of Ankle Arthrodesis

• Pantalar arthrodesis: This involves fusing all the joints in the ankle, including the subtalar joint.
• Tibiotalar arthrodesis: This involves fusing only the tibia and talus bones in the ankle joint.
• Subtalar arthrodesis: This involves fusing only the subtalar joint, which is located below the ankle joint.

Recovery and Rehabilitation

After surgery, the patient will need to:

• Keep the foot elevated to reduce swelling
• Use crutches or a walker to avoid putting weight on the ankle
• Take pain medication as directed by the doctor
• Attend follow-up appointments with the doctor to monitor healing and remove sutures or staples
• Undergo physical therapy to regain strength and mobility in the ankle joint

Risks and Complications

• Infection
• Blood clots
• Nerve damage
• Nonunion or malunion of the bones
• Persistent pain or stiffness in the ankle joint

Outcomes and Prognosis

The outcome of ankle arthrodesis surgery is generally good, with most patients experiencing significant reduction in pain and improvement in function.

• Studies have shown that up to 90% of patients achieve good to excellent results after ankle arthrodesis surgery.
• However, the success of the procedure depends on various factors, including the severity of the condition, the patient's overall health, and the surgeon's experience.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

What is Ankle Arthrodesis?
A surgical procedure that fuses the ankle joint to eliminate pain and stabilize the ankle.

Why is Ankle Arthrodesis performed?
Typically to treat severe arthritis, fractures, or other conditions that cause chronic ankle pain and instability.

What are the benefits of Ankle Arthrodesis?
Relief from chronic pain, improved stability, and potentially improved function, although some mobility may be lost.

Is Ankle Arthrodesis a common procedure?
It is not as common as other orthopedic procedures, but may be considered for patients with severe ankle conditions.

What are the risks associated with Ankle Arthrodesis?
Infection, nerve damage, blood clots, and potential for non-union or malunion of the fused bones.

How long does recovery from Ankle Arthrodesis take?
Typically several months to a year or more, depending on individual factors and the complexity of the procedure.

Will I be able to walk after Ankle Arthrodesis?
Yes, but with potentially limited mobility and range of motion in the ankle joint.

Can I return to sports or high-impact activities after Ankle Arthrodesis?
Possibly, but it may depend on the individual case and the specific activities, as high-impact activities may be restricted.

Are there alternative treatments to Ankle Arthrodesis?
Yes, such as ankle replacement surgery, physical therapy, or pain management with medication, depending on the underlying condition.

Is Ankle Arthrodesis reversible?
Generally not, as it involves fusing bones together, although in some cases, revision surgery may be possible.