Allergy to Animals

An allergy to animals, also known as pet allergy, is an overreaction of the immune system to proteins found in the dander (skin flakes), saliva, or urine of animals. These proteins can become airborne and be inhaled, triggering allergic reactions.

Causes and Triggers

The primary causes of animal allergies are:

• Dander: Tiny scales that fall off an animal's skin, becoming airborne and inhalable.
• Saliva and urine: Proteins in these bodily fluids can also trigger allergic reactions when they become airborne or come into contact with the skin.
• Fur and hair: While not allergenic themselves, they can collect dander, saliva, and other allergens, making them a potential source of exposure.

Symptoms

Common symptoms of an animal allergy include:

• Itchy, watery eyes
• Runny or stuffy nose
• Coughing and sneezing
• Postnasal drip
• Skin rashes or hives
• Asthma symptoms, such as wheezing, chest tightness, and shortness of breath, in severe cases.

Diagnosis

Diagnosing an animal allergy typically involves:

• Medical history: A doctor will ask about symptoms, exposure to animals, and any previous allergies or health conditions.
• Physical examination: To look for signs of allergic reactions, such as skin rashes or nasal congestion.
• Allergy testing: Skin prick tests or blood tests can help identify specific allergens and confirm the diagnosis.

Treatment and Management

Treatment options for animal allergies include:

• Medications: Antihistamines, decongestants, and corticosteroids can help alleviate symptoms.
• Immunotherapy: Allergy shots or sublingual immunotherapy can help desensitize the body to specific allergens.
• Avoidance: Reducing exposure to animals or taking steps to minimize allergen presence, such as using HEPA filters and washing hands frequently.

Prevention

To reduce the risk of developing an animal allergy:

• Keep homes clean: Regularly vacuum and dust surfaces, especially areas where animals frequent.
• Use allergen-reducing products: HEPA filters, allergen-proof bedding, and dander-reducing sprays can help minimize exposure.
• Wash hands frequently: After interacting with animals or their dander.