Allergen Immunotherapy

Allergen immunotherapy, also known as allergy shots or desensitization, is a medical treatment for some types of allergies. It is based on regular injections of small amounts of the allergen that causes the allergic reaction.

How it Works

The goal of allergen immunotherapy is to change the immune system's response to specific allergens, reducing or eliminating the symptoms associated with the allergy. The treatment involves injecting increasing amounts of the allergen into the body over a period of time, usually several months or years.

Types of Allergen Immunotherapy

• Subcutaneous immunotherapy (SCIT): This is the most common type of allergy shot. It involves injecting the allergen under the skin, typically in the upper arm.
• Sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT): This type of therapy involves placing a tablet or liquid containing the allergen under the tongue, where it is absorbed by the body.

Benefits and Risks

The benefits of allergen immunotherapy include:

• Reduced symptoms of allergy
• Decreased need for medication to control symptoms
• Potential long-term remission of allergy symptoms

The risks and side effects of allergen immunotherapy may include:

• Local reactions at the injection site, such as redness, swelling, or itching
• Systemic reactions, such as hives, itching, or difficulty breathing
• Anaphylaxis, a severe and potentially life-threatening allergic reaction

Candidates for Allergen Immunotherapy

Allergen immunotherapy may be recommended for individuals with:

• Severe or persistent allergy symptoms that are not well-controlled with medication
• A history of anaphylaxis or near-anaphylaxis due to an allergen
• Occupational exposure to allergens, such as beekeepers or healthcare workers

Contraindications

Allergen immunotherapy may not be suitable for individuals with:

• Poorly controlled asthma
• Severe cardiovascular disease
• Pregnancy or breastfeeding (due to limited data on safety and efficacy)
• Autoimmune disorders, such as rheumatoid arthritis or lupus

Treatment Duration and Follow-up

The duration of allergen immunotherapy varies depending on the individual and the type of allergy being treated. Typically, treatment lasts for several years, with regular follow-up appointments to monitor progress and adjust the treatment plan as needed.