Adhesive Capsulitis

Adhesive capsulitis, also known as frozen shoulder, is a medical condition characterized by stiffness and pain in the shoulder joint.

Causes and Risk Factors

• Adhesive capsulitis can occur after a shoulder injury or surgery, but it can also develop without any apparent cause.
• Risk factors include diabetes, thyroid disorders, and Parkinson's disease.
• Aging is also a risk factor, with most cases occurring in people over the age of 40.

Symptoms

• Pain and stiffness in the shoulder joint, which can worsen at night or with certain movements.
• Loss of range of motion in the shoulder, making it difficult to perform everyday activities such as dressing or reaching.
• Freezing stage: pain and stiffness increase, and the shoulder becomes increasingly difficult to move.
• Frozen stage: pain may decrease, but the shoulder remains stiff and difficult to move.
• Thawing stage: range of motion slowly improves as the condition resolves.

Diagnosis

• Physical examination by a healthcare provider to assess range of motion and pain.
• Medical history to identify any underlying conditions that may be contributing to the development of adhesive capsulitis.
• Imaging tests such as X-rays or an MRI may be ordered to rule out other causes of shoulder pain and stiffness.

Treatment Options

• Pain management with over-the-counter or prescription medications such as NSAIDs, acetaminophen, or corticosteroids.
• Physical therapy to maintain range of motion and strengthen the shoulder muscles.
• Corticosteroid injections to reduce inflammation and relieve pain.
• Surgery may be necessary in severe cases where other treatments have not been effective.

Prognosis and Prevention

• Most people with adhesive capsulitis can expect a full recovery, but it may take several months to several years.
• Prevention strategies include maintaining good shoulder mobility through regular exercise and avoiding prolonged periods of inactivity.
• Early treatment can help improve outcomes and reduce the risk of long-term complications such as chronic pain or limited range of motion.

Complications

• Chronic pain and stiffness if left untreated or undertreated.
• Limited range of motion, which can impact daily activities and quality of life.
• Increased risk of falls due to decreased mobility and strength in the shoulder.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

What is Adhesive Capsulitis?
Adhesive capsulitis, also known as frozen shoulder, is a condition characterized by stiffness and pain in the shoulder joint.

What are the symptoms of Adhesive Capsulitis?
Symptoms include pain, stiffness, limited range of motion, and difficulty moving the shoulder.

What causes Adhesive Capsulitis?
The exact cause is often unclear, but it may be related to injury, surgery, or certain medical conditions such as diabetes.

Who is at risk for Adhesive Capsulitis?
People over 40, those with diabetes, and individuals who have had shoulder injuries or surgeries are at higher risk.

How is Adhesive Capsulitis diagnosed?
Diagnosis is typically based on physical examination, medical history, and possibly imaging tests such as X-rays or MRI.

What are the stages of Adhesive Capsulitis?
The condition progresses through three stages: freezing, frozen, and thawing, each with distinct symptoms and durations.

How is Adhesive Capsulitis treated?
Treatment may include physical therapy, pain management medications, and in some cases, injections or surgery.

Can Adhesive Capsulitis be prevented?
While prevention is not guaranteed, maintaining shoulder mobility and managing underlying health conditions may help reduce the risk.

How long does Adhesive Capsulitis last?
The condition can last from several months to several years, with the thawing stage potentially taking up to two years or more.

Is surgery effective for Adhesive Capsulitis?
Surgery, such as arthroscopic capsular release, may be effective for some patients who do not respond to conservative treatments, but it is typically considered a last resort.