Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML)
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a type of cancer that affects the blood and bone marrow. It is characterized by the rapid growth of abnormal white blood cells that accumulate in the bone marrow and interfere with the production of normal blood cells.
Causes and Risk Factors
The exact cause of AML is not known, but certain risk factors have been identified, including:
- Exposure to radiation or chemotherapy
- Genetic disorders, such as Down syndrome
- Family history of leukemia
- Previous treatment with chemotherapy or radiation therapy
- Exposure to certain chemicals, such as benzene
- Smoking
Symptoms
The symptoms of AML can vary depending on the individual and the stage of the disease. Common symptoms include:
- Fatigue or weakness
- Weight loss
- Pale skin
- Shortness of breath
- Frequent infections
- Easy bruising or bleeding
- Bone or joint pain
Diagnosis
AML is typically diagnosed through a combination of physical examination, medical history, and laboratory tests, including:
- Complete blood count (CBC)
- Bone marrow biopsy
- Cytogenetic analysis
- Molecular testing
Treatment
Treatment for AML usually involves a combination of chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and stem cell transplantation. The goal of treatment is to:
- Induce remission (achieve a complete or partial disappearance of the disease)
- Consolidate the response (maintain the remission)
- Prevent relapse
Types of AML
There are several subtypes of AML, including:
- Acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL)
- Acute myeloblastic leukemia with maturation (AML-M2)
- Acute myelomonocytic leukemia (AMML)
- Acute monocytic leukemia (AMoL)
Prognosis
The prognosis for AML varies depending on the individual and the stage of the disease. Factors that affect prognosis include:
- Age
- Overall health
- Response to treatment
- Cytogenetic and molecular characteristics of the disease
Current Research
Researchers are continually exploring new treatments and therapies for AML, including:
- Targeted therapies
- Immunotherapies
- Gene therapies
- Stem cell transplantation
It is essential to consult with a healthcare professional for personalized information and guidance on AML.
Article last updated on: 4th May 2025.
If you have any feedback, please get in touch.
Not just another AI Scribe.
Diagnosis. Guidance. Transcriptions. Notes.
Diagnosis. Guidance. Transcriptions. Notes.
Medical Disclaimer
Diagnosis Pad is intended to provide additional information to health professionals in relation to patient care. Healthcare professionals should exercise their own judgment in determining whether to act on the information provided. The information provided is not intended to be a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always seek the advice of a physician or other qualified health provider with any questions you may have regarding a medical condition. Never disregard professional medical advice or delay seeking it because of something you have read on this site.