Abdominal Ultrasound

An abdominal ultrasound is a non-invasive medical imaging procedure used to examine the organs and structures within the abdominal cavity.

Purpose

The purpose of an abdominal ultrasound is to:

• Evaluate the liver, gallbladder, bile ducts, pancreas, spleen, kidneys, and abdominal aorta
• Diagnose conditions such as gallstones, liver disease, kidney stones, and abdominal aortic aneurysms
• Guide biopsies or other interventional procedures
• Monitor fetal development during pregnancy

Procedure

The procedure typically involves:

• The patient lying on an examination table, usually on their back
• A clear gel or lubricant applied to the abdomen to facilitate sound wave transmission
• A transducer (probe) moved over the abdomen to emit high-frequency sound waves and detect echoes
• Images displayed on a monitor for the sonographer or radiologist to interpret

Types of Abdominal Ultrasound

There are several types of abdominal ultrasound, including:

• Transabdominal ultrasound: the most common type, using a transducer on the abdomen
• Transvaginal ultrasound: used to examine the female reproductive organs
• Endoscopic ultrasound: uses a flexible tube with a transducer on the end to examine the digestive tract

Preparation

To prepare for an abdominal ultrasound:

• Fasting may be required, depending on the specific examination and medical condition
• A full bladder may be required for certain types of examinations
• Comfortable clothing should be worn, and jewelry removed from the abdominal area

Risks and Complications

Risks and complications associated with abdominal ultrasound are:

• Generally considered to be low-risk and non-invasive
• Possible discomfort or pressure from the transducer
• Allergic reactions to the gel or lubricant used

Interpretation of Results

The results of an abdominal ultrasound are interpreted by a radiologist or sonographer, who will:

• Analyze the images for any abnormalities or conditions
• Compare the images to previous examinations, if applicable
• Provide a report to the referring physician, who will discuss the results with the patient